Britain’s government gave approval on Tuesday for China to build its largest embassy in Europe in London, hoping to improve ties with Beijing despite British and US politicians’ warnings that it could be used as a base for spying.
China’s plans to build a new embassy on the site of the two-century-old Royal Mint Court near the Tower of London have stalled for three years over opposition from local residents, lawmakers and Hong Kong pro-democracy campaigners in Britain.
The decision was announced before an expected visit to China by Prime Minister Keir Starmer this month, the first by a British leader since 2018. Some British and Chinese officials said the trip was dependent on the embassy being approved.
Despite security concerns, Britain’s intelligence agencies, which were involved in the approval process, said any threat could be mitigated.
“China has, and will continue to pose threats to our national security,” Dan Jarvis, Britain’s security minister, told parliament. But following a detailed assessment of the risks from the new embassy, he was assured “that the UK’s national security is protected”.
But the seven-year long process might not quite have reached its end. Local residents said they would seek a legal challenge, saying the decision would be unlawful if British officials privately gave China assurances the project would be approved before the planning process had been completed.
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The Chinese government purchased Royal Mint Court in 2018 but its requests for planning permission to build a new embassy on the site were rejected by the local council in 2022. Chinese President Xi Jinping asked Starmer last year to intervene.
The government took control of the planning decision last year and an inquiry was held last February to hear arguments about whether the embassy should be approved.
Some politicians in Britain and the United States have said China should be barred from building on the site near London’s historic financial district because it might enable Beijing to eavesdrop on fibre-optic cables used by finance firms which travel underneath the area.
The opposition Conservative Party described the decision as a “disgraceful act of cowardice” from a government “utterly devoid of backbone”.
The Chinese embassy in London said in a one-line statement that it noted the government’s decision.
British security officials had warned that allowing China to build a much larger embassy would mean more Chinese spies in Britain, an assertion dismissed by the Chinese embassy.
Britain’s MI5 domestic spy agency has repeatedly warned of attempts by China to recruit and cultivate people with access to the British government, and lawmakers were warned in November about interference by Beijing.
The collapse of a trial of two British men charged with spying on members of parliament for China led to criticism the government was prioritising better relations over national security.
However, in an unusual step, the head of MI5 and intelligence communications agency GCHQ issued a joint letter on Tuesday saying while it was unrealistic to “eliminate every potential risk” posed by the embassy officials, the government had devised a range of protective measures.
